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Рандеву: фонтаны Рима

отAdmin

Июл 5, 2020

Если вы были в Риме, но никогда не любовались фонтанами — настоящими шедеврами итальянской архитектуры, — то вы упустили целый спектр эстетического наслаждения туриста.

Фонтан Треви

Самый большой римский фонтан — фонтан Треви. Находящийся на стыке трёх дорог, Fontana di Trevi в дословном переводе указывает именно на своё местоположение. Самый крупный по величине грандиозный фонтан строился с 1730 по 1762 год. И это не удивительно — его высота 25 метров, а ширина почти вдвое больше!

Основной темой архитектурного объекта стала стихия воды. Центральная фигура композиции — титан Океан, «едущий» в раковине-колеснице.

Кстати, у туристов есть особенный ритуал, связанный с этим фонтаном. Чтобы вернуться в Рим, нужно бросить в него одну монетку, чтобы влюбиться — две, а три монетки нужно «пожертвовать» фонтану, чтобы выйти замуж. Такой обычай!

Фонтан Баркачча

Интересное решение архитектора — фонтан в форме лодочки — захватывает внимание туристов не только своей красотой, но и исторической подоплёкой.

Фонтан Баркачча (что дословно обозначает фонтан Лодочка) располагается в центре Испанской площади. Небольшой по своим размерам он является как будто аккуратным штришком в общей архитектуре площади. Фонтан представляет собой полузатонувшую лодку посреди небольшого бассейна. А нос и корму лодки украшает герб Папы Урбана VIII Барберини — именно по его поручению фонтан был спроектирован и построен.

Интересно и то, что вдохновило Пьетро Бернини на создание этого архитектурного шедевра. Дело в том, что в 1598 году река Тибр вышла из берегов и улицы Рима наполнились водой. Из-за большого потопа горожанам приходилось передвигаться по городу на лодках.

Фонтан Четырёх рек

В центре площади Навона в 1651 году был построен Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi — фонтан Четырех рек — пожалуй, самый красивый фонтан Рима после Треви. Автором архитектурного шедевра стал Джан Лоренцо Бернини. 

Четыре аллегорические реки-скульптуры вырастают из обширного бассейна. Автору невероятным образом удалось запечатлеть в фонтане настоящее движение — смотря на него, создаётся впечатление, что скульптуры вот-вот закрутятся в вихре воды и воздуха, прихватив с собой завороженных туристов.

Фигуры, высеченные на фонтане, символизируют четыре великих реки, протекающих на континентах:

  1. Дунай касается рукой герба Папы, что означает близость Европы к католической церкви;
  2. Фигура Рио-де-ла-Плата — реки в Южной Америке — располагается на горе монет, что характеризует богатство;
  3. Голова скульптуры Нила покрыта тканью. Это объясняется тем, что на то время источник этой реки ещё не был точно открыт;
  4. Фигура индийского Ганга изображена с веслом в руке — это символизирует судоходность реки.

Кроме одушевлений великих рек, фонтан также украшают скульптуры животных и растений — символов континентов.

от Admin

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