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Село Истье – родина русской металлургии.

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Фев 6, 2018

Если вы считаете, что видели уже все достопримечательности на Рязанской земле, то разрешите напомнить вам о селе Истье (Старожиловский район), ведь история его возникновения весьма уникальна и не может оставить в стороне любителей приключений, гостей города Рязани   и местных жителей. Думаю, это отличный пункт назначения для веселого путешествия в хорошей компании. Давайте знакомиться с  историческим объектом внимания. Тем более, спешу заметить, что чем лучше человек знает свои корни, историю малой родины, тем увереннее он реализует себя в своей как личной, так и профессиональной жизни. Давайте знакомиться с  историческим объектом внимания.

 

Когда в сражениях под Нарвой Петр I потерял артиллерию, он начал серьезно заниматься вопросом по поиску железных руд и железоделательных заводов. Армия нуждалась в пушках                      и ядрах. И в 1715 году на реке Истья в селе Запяжье начинают строить домну и кузницу                         под управлением московских купцов Рюминых и Томилиных. Так возникает село Истье, где вскоре на чугунолитейном заводе начинается выплавка чугуна.  Добыча руды приобрела промышленные масштабы. Шахты-дудки были глубиной от пяти до двенадцати метров, капали их лопатами. Рабочие на веревках спускались на дно колодцев и прорубали вправо и влево тоннели, часто случались обвалы.

По словам Валишевского, сам Петр I  приезжал в Истье и работал на заводе целую смену, хотел получить деньги на новые башмаки.

Вскоре Томилин от дел отошел, между братьями Рюмиными начались раздоры, завод   на какое-то время перестал работать и его просто сдавали в аренду.  Позднее после смерти собственников предприятие продали землевладельцу Петру Хлебникову, а затем оно перешло его сыну Николаю . Именно Николай пытался модернизировать завод, и большинство строений возведено им. Управляли Хлебниковы всегда жестко, рабочие бунтовали, однажды на фабриках  в Коленцах и Столпцах  написали жалобу на заводчика и отправили царю. Для выяснения обстоятельств приезжал сам губернатор  Рязанской области и дал указания удовлетворить главные требования работников.

Труд на заводе был тяжелый. Люди за мизерную зарплату проводили на ногах по 14 часов, валили лес, строили. Муку и остальные продукты их заставляли покупать только в хозяйской лавке.

Для строительства имения Хлебников пригласил известного, но тогда начинающего архитектора Василия Стасова. К его творениям относятся: в Санкт – Петербурге  – комплекс зданий Академии наук на Васильевском острове, Ямской рынок на Разъезжей улице , Павловские казармы на Марсовом поле , Спасо-Преображенский собор , Троице-Измайловский собор , Нарвские триумфальные ворота  и Московские триумфальные ворота . Постройки Стасова отличаются представительностью, торжественностью архитектурных форм. Развивая идеи русского ампира, Стасов часто обращался к строгим формам дорического ордера. В Царском Селе В. Стасов оформил ряд интерьеров Екатерининского и Александровского дворцов, занимался перестройкой Китайской деревни . По его проекту были построены ворота «Любезным моим сослуживцам» , Манеж, Конюшенный корпус, Большая оранжерея. Василий Стасов целиком спроектировал весь усадебный комплекс. Для Хлебниковых был построен барский дом, разбит парк, также на территории  появились служебные помещения, оранжереи, зверинец, конный двор, манеж, театр, две плотины с мостами и производственные здания на заводах в Истье, Столпцах и Коленцах. Кроме того, вырос вдоль реки ряд кирпичных домиков для рабочих. В 1816 году Стасов в Истье построит Рождественскую церковь в стиле строгого классицизма.

 

После смерти Хлебникова завод наследовала его сестра Анна Петровна Полторацкая, позже  – ее сын Сергей Дмитриевич. Он выписывал мастеров из заграницы, устанавливал английское, немецкое, бельгийское оборудование, практически весь ручной труд заменил машинным. Сергей Дмитриевич увлекался литературой, дружил с А.С. Пушкиным. В основном промышленник жил за границей. Незаметно расходы стали превышать доходы, и он разорился.  Завод перешел в собственность  купцов Барковых , которые не раз меняли владельцев.  Вскоре  в Старожилово провели железнодорожные пути, на предприятии наладили выпуск рельс  и вагонных колес. Но завод это не спасло. Надеялись получить правительственный заказ в связи  со строительством Рязанско-Уральской железной дорогой, однако надежды не оправдались. Производство падало. Начались волнения рабочих . В 1905 году  завод в Истье и игольные фабрики в Столпцах и Коленцах закрыли. Но после революции работу на предприятии возобновили. Во время Великой Отечественной войны на заводе производили мотовозы – машины для транспортировки леса и торфа, позже стали выпускать тепловозы, путеремонтные машины, оборудование для горнодобывающей промышленности.

Огромная домна XVIII века и сейчас находится в селе Истье, там же можно посмотреть    и двухэтажный усадебный дом, перестроенный под жилье, вековые липы и Рождественскую церковь.

К.п.н. О.И. Липина

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