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Как в рязанском Кадоме итальянцы кружева плели

отAdmin

Авг 7, 2020

 

Где-то в самой глубине богатой на красоты Рязанской области, на реке Мокше, опоясанной нетронутыми густыми лесами, стоит Кадом. С 1209 года тянется история маленького рабочего поселения. 

Италия внутри Кадома, с чего все началось

Издревле Кадом хранит в своих монастырях частичку Италии. Ведь еще с петровских времен здесь стали создавать тонкое кружево, равное которому и сейчас сложно найти в мире. А началась история с Петра I, который повелел русской знати носить европейские платья, отделанные кружевами. Стоили такие наряды очень дорого. В те времена кружева могли разорить целые государства. Например, в Испании  был издан специальный указ. Документ запрещал местным жителям покупать роскошные итальянские изделия.
Конечно, в первую очередь деньги лились рекой в Венецию. Мастерицы из Бурано тщательно хранили секреты своего искусства. Но представители разных стран не унывали и пытались похищать кружевниц, воровать рисунки изделий. Венецианские олигархи процветали с каждым днем и даже покупали себе владения далеко за пределами родины. А мастерицы? Они продолжали плести одну из самых выгодных с XIV века валюту – кружево.

Шедевры часто создавались в монастырях. Послушным монахиням хватало внимания и усидчивости, чтобы выполнять кропотливую работу.

Петр I тоже решил выписать итальянских искусниц ко двору. Царь хотел, чтобы они научили русских рукодельниц иностранной технике При этом важно было найти тихое место, в котором женщины могли бы спокойно, без посторонних глаз, передать свои навыки. Думаем, поэтому выбор пал на Кадом. О кадомских местах могла знать мать Петра, рассказывать о монастырях, которые находились в отдалении.

Европейские кружевницы обучили своему мастерству кадомских монахинь, но со временем новую технику освоили и другие жительницы селения. Так родился кадомский вениз – ручное игольное кружево. Оно не плетется, не вяжется, а вышивается иглой, из-под которой и появляется тайна ажурных шедевров. Такая техника как раз и роднит Кадом с Бурано – островком в Венеции. Собственно, и  «вениз»  означает «Венеция», «венецианский».

Венецианское кружево с острова Бурано

В Бурано всегда жили рыбаки, свои промыслом они занимаются на острове и по сей день, а их жены, провожая мужей в море, остаются ждать. Что они делают? Конечно, плетут кружева. Сегодня любой турист может купить бурановские изделия, посетить местный знаменитый музей кружева. В магазинчиках вам расскажут о том, кто и как делает прекрасные работы. Объяснят, что кружево часто создается с помощью нескольких швов. Каждая мастерица может иметь свой секрет – и поэтому, к примеру, салфетку вышивает каждая кружевница личным особенным швом, в итоге, получается коллективная работа. Поэтому некоторые кружевные вещи стоят очень дорого – они мало того, что сделаны руками, но их еще создают одновременно несколько человек.

Лучшее бурановское кружево покупается на площади Галуппи. Там вы увидите платья, рубашки, скатерти, салфетки с разными орнаментами, однако предпочтение отдается растительной теме в рисунке. Так же, как в кадомском венизе.

А что сейчас в Кадоме?

А что сейчас в Кадоме? Он выглядит как маленький итальянский пригород. Почему итальянский? Потому что передвигаются по улицам кадомчане исключительно на велосипедах. Увидеть проезжающую мимо девушку в цветастом платье и белых туфлях на платформе — естественное зрелище для Кадома. У любого крупного здания обязательно стоит вереница велосипедов с корзинкой. При чем никаких пресловутых замков или других средств безопасности на них нет. Ведь в Кадоме все друг друга знают и с радостью общаются между собой…

Ты начинаешь понимать, почему кадомчане предпочитают машине велосипед, сразу, когда попадаешь в черту поселека. Любоваться красотами Кадома гораздо приятнее, когда ты сам часть этой невероятной природы, когда ты сам ощущаешь ветер в волосах и слышишь шум березовых листьев.

Кадомские кружева сегодня, как и бурановские, тоже стоят немало. Говорят, что у самой королевы Англии Елизаветы есть скатерть из рязанской глубинки. Может быть, придет время и на венецианском островке Бурано будет своим звонко-игольным чудом вениза удивлять людей и Кадом Рязанской области.

Если вам когда-нибудь посчастливится проезжать мимо древнейшего поселка Кадом, обязательно остановитесь в нем хотя бы на час. Ощутите единение с волшебной кадомской природой. Зайдите в музей. Полюбуйтесь монастырями. Загляните в музей на фабрику, посмотрите “Кадомский вениз”. Побывав здесь однажды, многие хотят вернуться сюда вновь. Может быть, и до вас тоже дотянется тонкая нить времен, и вы тоже станете частью  кружева прекрасного вениза.

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